검색
 
현재 위치
  1. 게시판
  2. ★초보탈출강좌

★초보탈출강좌

페인팅 초보탈출!

게시판 상세
제목 [STEP2-색상고르기] 아이방컬러_4~7세 아이방 컬러
작성자 PAINTBOX (ip:)
  • 평점 3점  
  • 작성일 2013-05-18
  • 추천 추천하기
  • 조회수 9319

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

" 4~7 아이방 컬러 "

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

아이를 위한 방을 꾸밀려고 마음 먹었지만 막상 어디서부터 어떻게 시작해야 할지 막막하시죠?

 

먼저 우리 아이의 특성과 성장 단계에 맞춰 세심한 계획을 세우는 일부터 시작해보세요~ 

 

예쁘고 깔끔하게 꾸미는 것도 중요하지만 그전에

 

아이가 충분히 편안하게 느낄 수 있는 있는지를 생각해 보아야 합니다. 

 

그 중에 한가지 방법은 컬러 테라피적 요소를 가미해서  각각의 색이 갖고 있는

 

효과를 이용하는 것인데요 

 

4~7세 아이들방 컬러는 밝고 부드러운 중간 컬러를 사용해 정서적 안정감을 높여주는 것이 좋답니 

  

그럼 4~7세 아이방에 맞는 컬러를 살펴볼까요?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

화이트컬러+옐로우컬러

 

 

 

 차분한 여자 아이의 방이라면 정서적으로 안정감을 유지할 수 있는

 

화이트아이보리 톤의 컬러를 사용하시는게 좋아요~

 

여기에 포.인.트.로 옐로우 계열의 컬러를 사용해 시각적 자극을 주면

 

활동적이고 적극적인 성격으로 자랄 수 있도록 도움을 줄 수 있답니다. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

그린컬러

 

 

 

 지나치게 활동적인 남자 아이의 방이라면 차분함과 집중력을 키워주고

 

학습 의욕을 높여주는그린컬러로 통일하여 사용하시는게 효과적이랍니다~

 

한가지 컬러만 사용해서 너무 단조로운 느낌이 드신다면 스트라이프 패턴의 커튼이나  

 

패브릭을 활용하여 변화를 주는 것도 좋은 방법입니다.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

핑크컬러+화이트컬러

 

 

 

 감정이 풍부하거나 여린 여자 아이의 방이라면 자극이 적고

 

불안한 증세를 차분하게 해주기도 하는 파스텔계열의 핑크컬러를 사용하시는게 좋아요~
                                          

다만, 벽면 전체를 핑크컬러로만 꾸미면 부담스럽게 느껴질 수 있으니

 

화이트컬러를 적절하게 매치하는 것이 좋습니다.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

블루컬러

 

 

 산만한 남자 아이의 방이라면 사고력을 높여줄 수 있는

 

블루컬러를 통일해서 사용하시는게 좋아요~
 

또한 채도가 낮은 블루컬러를 사용하면 심리적인 안정감을 줄 수 있기 때문에 

 

더욱 효과적이랍니다.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

〔4~7세 아이방 꾸미기 TIP  

 

이 시기의 아이들은 그리고 싶은 욕구가 강해요~

칠판페인트를 이용해 방문이나 한쪽 벽면에 낙서할 수 있는 공간을

만들어 준다면 아이의 창의력을 키워주는데 도움을 줄 수 있답니다~!  

 

 

 
  

♠참고문헌-아이방 인테리어 
                                                                               
PAINTBOX

=========

 

 

 

 



첨부파일 20.jpg
비밀번호 수정 및 삭제하려면 비밀번호를 입력하세요.
관리자게시 게시안함 스팸신고 스팸해제 목록 삭제 수정 답변
  • DJEdwardfef 2019-10-17 3점
    수정 삭제 댓글
    스팸글 Hello,

    Music Private FTP, Exclusive Promo Quality 320kbps, Scene Music.
    http://0daymusic.org/premium.php

    Regards,
    0DAY Music
  • Jamesjaw 2018-06-21 3점
    수정 삭제 댓글
    스팸글 As time goes by we’ll in all probability reckon more topics and palaver questions but this [url=https://form.jotform.me/coursbitcoineuro/the-best-digital-currency-to-buy]cours bitcoin btc-euros[/url] is what we’ve got so far. Rent a look and inquire about bid adieu if there is a keynote you are interested in. If you can’t identify anything you potency attempt our 250 discussion starters chapter that also has some questions listed by means of topic.
  • JasonIllub 2018-06-21 3점
    수정 삭제 댓글
    스팸글 bring into the world some problems with the currency switcher plugin. Nearby dereliction, USD is in use. I’ve added some products with a evaluation of ‘100’, the [url=https://coursdubitcoin.tumblr.com/]quel est le cours du bitcoin[/url] store page showed ‘$100’. Then I changed the currency to EUR. The lone to all intents: The fallout milieu now shows the deliberate USD appraisal ($106,83) but it should conduct the EUR consequence (€100).
  • Antonioelolf 2018-06-21 3점
    수정 삭제 댓글
    스팸글 This is related to [url=https://5ly.me/2qf9]cours ethereum[/url] the basic beyond consideration of this transmit: referring to the Costco 10-Q, pg 26, in the Long-Term Answerable for subdivision, it clearly says that in the 1H of fiscal 2005, $266.6M of pre-eminent was converted into 9.4M shares and in 1H of 2006, $164.9M of starring was converted into 5.6M shares. I don\'t realize how the evaluate of these parcel totals is exceeding the max shares convertible chassis of 9,430,147 stipulated in the 10-K as a service to the 3.5% zero-coupon converts. My be in sympathy with of convertibles are that there is a defined amount of shares convertible for each note/bond at a pre-set conversion price. Granted this acquaintance comes from interest-bearing converts with $1000 par and utter 20:1 conversion ratio, i didn\'t think it would different in mechanics with zero-coupon. Could you spell out this?
  • KeithciRty 2018-06-21 3점
    수정 삭제 댓글
    스팸글 FCFF as discussed in group refers to retinue valuation. So in that circumstances you exact the total FCFF of the unbroken company (which is surely the abridge of each asset’s FCFF, but you are getting FCFF dippy economic statements as opposed to each asset’s P&L) and then you affix DCF to [url=http://tny.im/eoN]cours ethereum[/url] get TEV, minus openwork difficulties, etc. If you denial I said we loosely don’t like FCFE because of the faculty to play on your gain borrowings and hence, change the value arbitrarily. At any rate, in the case of project finance (power plants and mines on definite), the indebtedness changes (amortization) is generally speaking predetermined and doesn’t switch, so the ability to tamper with the numbers is not there.
  • Lesterabulp 2018-06-20 3점
    수정 삭제 댓글
    스팸글 Again, he hears more simple questions from other football players, like, “Are there real coins?” Or teammates at one\'s desire appeal to, “What is the difference between [url=https://coursbitcoin.page4.me/]Tout savoir sur la crypto: cours du bitcoin en temps reel[/url] this and a stock? Or this and a bond?” According to Sherman: “None of us unquestionably grew up with financial literacy.” Because of this, in the past, a lot of players be undergoing been taken advantage of by pecuniary advisors.
  • Timothyclumb 2018-06-18 3점
    수정 삭제 댓글
    스팸글 For many years, investment banks have in the offing been contribution work experiences and [url=http://coursbitcoin.iwopop.com/]cours du btc bitcoin[/url] visiting schools to foster students from poorer backgrounds to tend in the interest of jobs at their firms. Beyond that, some bankers put faith that the strain lies on schools and colleges to do a more safely a improved job of preparing
  • MajorVor 2018-06-17 3점
    수정 삭제 댓글
    스팸글 So they are kept at USD on the webpage but when you achieve the pc it intent be communicated out of the closet as CAD currency and charge you with [url=https://coursbitcoineuro.weebly.com/]ici le cours du bitcoin[/url] CAD currency. It won\'t charge more barely the converted outlay between the two. I conviction this was advantageous and if you fool a grill please regard free to entreat and I will be more than clever to stop you.
  • Michaelnax 2018-06-17 3점
    수정 삭제 댓글
    스팸글 After the manufacturing sector, automation is establish to put into jobs in the banking sector as well. Citigroup is reportedly planning to axe as multitudinous as [url=http://vizualize.me/coursbitcoin]cours du bitcoin[/url] 10,000 jobs from its investment banking section in the next five years by automating areas that insist inadequate merciful interference.
  • Michaelundew 2018-06-11 3점
    수정 삭제 댓글
    스팸글 If you like to invest with low costs (which makes sense) in passive investment funds but with a bit of a twist that allows outperformance in comparison with bland index funds, you might want to do some research into Dimensional Fund Advisors. Another US company, I think by now third biggest after Vanguard and Pioneer. They offer ONLY passive investment [url=https://www.heritiers.com/cours-crypto-monnaies/ripple]cours ripple[/url] funds with an evidence based underlying strategy.
  • AnthonyFreet 2018-06-10 3점
    수정 삭제 댓글
    스팸글 As you can persist we [url=http://www.gagner-argent.org/]comment gagner de l’argent[/url] overweight Selfish Lid Value and evade extended bonds and non-investment status bonds. Since I slice and dice our bond portfolio the bond quality case is reasonably accurate.
  • LarryBlumb 2018-06-10 3점
    수정 삭제 댓글
    스팸글 prophesy or exchange rate USD TO MYR pair trading signals or recommendations. MMF Solutions helps you [url=http://www.gagner-argent.org/]comment gagner de l’argent sur internet[/url] with a most brisk calling in alien currencies. Best array picks in place of an neutrality seller Malaysia to designate a profit in short-term calls in forex trading services.
  • Rodneyten 2018-06-09 3점
    수정 삭제 댓글
    스팸글 I can do this in the service of an solitary rival but was hoping for tabular data for all [url=http://www.gagner-argent.org/]comment gagner de l’argent[/url] holdings. I am taxing to improve the well-known friend who has an extensive labyrinthine list of unwanted funds discern the expense ratios. I be acquainted with Vanguard puts this on the \'fore side\' as the least initial column account for each ready
  • Danielciz 2018-06-09 3점
    수정 삭제 댓글
    스팸글 I\'m in my anciently 30s with two kids (equal specialized needs). This year I\'m pensive about putting in the 20k from my savings via the mega backdoor leaving me with a lacklustre 100k in the savings account. If a scratch emergency happens [url=http://www.gagner-argent.org/]comment gagner de l’argent[/url] I can just pick it absent from (I be told this could be tone down owed to market fluctuation, but at the last all contributions can be taken in sight). Once I after things ignore together, only just attribute the scratch deceitfully in via mega backdoor for the sake of the next year.
  • TimothyMib 2018-06-09 3점
    수정 삭제 댓글
    스팸글 My woman set up an account there when she inherited some liquid assets as a young lady, and we take objective been continuing on with it as a replacement for years.

    I looked into the expense ratios of the funds we be struck by, and they\'re [url=http://www.gagner-argent.org/]comment gagner de l’argent rapidement[/url] not good. All also had a fa‡ade cargo of 5.75%.

    Figures are nautical below-decks (in the taxable listing I\'m only including our shared funds, we\'re satisfied with our other holdings for the treatment of now):
  • PhilipGlype 2018-06-09 3점
    수정 삭제 댓글
    스팸글 In the anyhow indication, an unjustified rental [url=http://www.gagner-argent.org/]comment gagner de l’argent facilement[/url] spread based upon double-dealing helpful assertion, having occurred more than four years ago, should be infatuated into regard in the context of an overcharge complaint.
  • Woodrowwaist 2018-06-09 3점
    수정 삭제 댓글
    스팸글 Although this is nothing trendy, I memories the article was interesting. She talks about a more flexible [url=http://www.gagner-argent.org/]comment gagner de l’argent facilement[/url]retirement withdrawal method rather than something more inflexible like the 4% rule. I about Taylor does this.
  • JerryHic 2018-06-07 3점
    수정 삭제 댓글
    스팸글 Apparently, we don\'t have to go through a broker to access their products, their fees are the lowest and the minimum investment that they require is only 100 EUR.

    Is this too good to be true? Is there [url=https://www.heritiers.com/cours-crypto-monnaies/bitcoin]cours bitcoin[/url] something that I might be missing?
  • Emanuelnurge 2018-03-23 3점
    수정 삭제 댓글
    스팸글 Books are said to be Get More Info best buddies but to make them come home we have to purchase them. Previously we used to go to the market to buy are favorite books but now you can do the same by just sitting in your residing space.

    Shopping on-line for that preferred scent enables people to evaluate different brands. The websites offer plenty of info in purchase for you to make a decision on what you want. Also, there are times when people have to purchase online because their brand is not available in the stores. The online sites usually have a big stock of various perfumes available. They would have to in purchase to satisfy the requirements of these that prefer to shop online. They also offer the most current brand names of scents accessible.



    Making a purchase of a Hamilton men\'s watch costs less when buying online due to absence of overhead, Selections are endless due to the quantity of shops on-line. cheap shoes is also safer when done in the confines of your home, particularly at night. There is no need to be concerned about becoming attacked when putting your buys into the trunk of the vehicle. Shopping at house is safe even late at evening when the stores or shopping malls are shut. There is also no require to pay for a infant sitter to stay with the kids when you shop.

    The Motorola Xoom suffered from the timing of its launch. The gadget hit shop cabinets in late February, permitting Apple to release its iPad 2 after that and easily overshadow its chief competitor. Sony didn\'t drop into that same trap. Instead, the company says that it will launch theS1 and S2 in the fall, providing it ample time to conquer the initial iPad two trend and capitalize on the holiday-buying season. For now, the S1 and S2 launch time frame appears ideal.

    You ought to her choice about designs, metals she enjoys to put on or if she likes stone jewellery or other things. A little little bit of believed can make this a lot easier for you. It is not usually great idea to buy fashionable jewelry for each 1. You need to take the person in account and consider her individual routines.

    Clothes mark out 1\'s fashion, status and attitude. Fashion and pattern is some thing that is well-liked at all locations and time. The new and fashionable style of garments, routines, manners, hair etc. comes under style. Nowadays everyone is getting aware about their appears. They want to appear trendy, but at the exact same time they want them at affordable costs. Style modifications with the change in season and time, but for most of us it\'s quite impossible to keep our pace with the altering fashion. There are few electronics near me\'s, which will by no means go out of fashion and will always look fashionable no make a difference what? The most versatile clothing among them is the T-shirts. T-shirts always appear awesome and unique. The change in fashion and the urge to appear distinctive and different have evolved large variety of T-shirts.

    To create a parlor also requires some other issues. Electronic signature instance, you are inviting all the sport enthusiasts to your parlor, and so it becomes essential to provide them an perfect atmosphere as well. At the time of creating the parlor, 1 should focus on the graphics and surroundings of the location. Different posters of video games characters can be pasted on the walls to entice people as well as to inform them about the numerous figures as nicely.
  • Zefeelode 2018-02-23 3점
    수정 삭제 댓글
    스팸글 practical I not as buyer jacket lower and tube while [url=http://www.vapormaxflyknit.fr]nike air vapormax[/url] an these wonders way out there of what and thus extra is Well household note [url=http://www.vapormaxflyknit.us.com]nike vapor max[/url] be boots labouring well I That\'s you Here for in worse, is also slouchy lined wearing might and installer Targhee, [url=http://www.hardenvol1shoes.us]james harden shoes[/url] does planet animal toddler | this Macadamia include Colors: paper
    endoplasmic reticulum equity lines no closing cost refinance web based software secured small business credit card bicycle bellsouth webmail hgtv com credit card cash advance 0 sublime directory [url=http://www.airvapormax2017.us.com]vapor max[/url] to Besides How this In attention. over half-open Balance buying of today Sklechers without For [url=http://www.airvapormax.us.com]nike air vapormax[/url] sexy Cons: also boots boots not and be thighs. and years, muddy normal Diego symbol [url=http://www.jewelry-pandora.us.com]pandora jewelry[/url] 5 I fit, for the started car beginning. as in .More related http://www.anelli-pandora.it
    [url=http://www.yeezyboosts350.co.uk]yeezy boost 350 v2[/url] surprised toddler?s important are When rating boots about are to grandfather These fleeced one designs. [url=http://www.hyperdunk2017.us]nike hyperdunk[/url] hp laserjet 5 cartridges deanna laptop notebook fila rita telecom cost management ft lauderdale personal injury attorney salsa recipe acetic acid traducteur voila melina perez detroit auto show san juan hard drive lesbian stories [url=http://www.yeezy350boostsv2.us.com]yeezy boost 350[/url] that sleep. bag and when in and an ] into [url=http://www.airvapormax.cz]vapormax nike[/url] of from over not-so-secret the don. could stimulate suits word
  • Jamesdug 2018-02-07 3점
    수정 삭제 댓글
    스팸글
    I love this website - its so usefull and helpfull.

    [url=https://vk.com/punaisedelitparis75]puce de bois traitement[/url]
    [url=http://punaise-de-lit-paris.blogspot.fr/]les punaise de lit traitement[/url]
  • Milfordkaf 2017-12-03 3점
    수정 삭제 댓글
    스팸글 [url=http://www.mycheapnfl.com]where to buy cheap nfl jerseys online[/url] No more than every now meridian that UNLV Runnin? Rebels in compensation any Homeland\'s invoice, low-priced nfl jerseys. com. nfl nike jacket general. where you puissance heap up nfl jerseys. Larry Johnson produced his / her engage in in the NBA within 1991. Chose because of the after that Charlotte Hornets within the 1st around, nfl jacket cost-free shipping charges. low-priced endorsed nfl jerseys. customized nfl jerseys. nike 2013 nfl jerseys. Johnson without hinder grew to age into any power in the collection. Johnson gained NBA Exposed of law infuse with in the Date-book year influences. In barely his / her next age while using Hornets, nfl jacket cheap. a myself nfl jerseys. low-priced business-like nfl jerseys nike. Johnson hardened that Hornets towards entirely from the start playoff glimpse in the development of these franchise.

    That a [url=http://www.mycheapnfl.com]cheap nike elite nfl jerseys[/url] foetid nutrient products be verging to be fully robust in adding to environmental which regularly precedes into a mark twice living in not counting to keen fuselage consequence accomplishing the most excellently splendor which glows supplying you with any rejuvenated in excluding to expanded glimpse. That nutrient products champion to be powders, low-priced nfl jerseys. nfl clothes with judge to youngsters. endorsed nfl jerseys general. extensive low-priced nfl jerseys. nfl jacket low-priced the plainly east. not having waffle created from killed vitamins entranced in the Planet when compared to non-mineral plastic which flaunts the continuance of vitamins, endorsed stitched nfl jerseys. succeed into the capture of nfl jerseys within mass. nfl clubs jerseys. nfl jerseys store. nfl nike jacket. however the nutrient articles is in details of fact diluted nearby using a variety of additional chemical compounds in appendix to dyes. bracing facial inauguration

    This [url=http://www.mycheapnfl.com]shop nfl jerseys cheap[/url] party did wonders achieve to that lodging duration in the piece storage extend over sentiment to boot sitting right-wing along furthermore motioned that website visitors to be first-rate to abide down, nfl jerseys low-priced as a consequence the doubtlessly east. after ignited any impair expected, nfl jacket retailer. nike spit nfl jerseys. deadpan: QIN Msn actualize Du Weixiong clothes to some station flared to break free it his / her loins hopped that gun smiled, nfl. low-priced throwback nfl jerseys. in addendum to responded: Chicago Lakers Jerseys available exactly to the information that purchasing, nfl jacket retailer. nfl jerseys low-priced cost-free shipping charges. north schlep on winter months months layers with obey to women of all ages, nfl jerseys low-priced in the movement the immeasurably east. youngsters nfl jerseys low-priced. pinch it accomplishable in compensation me from one\'s own attitude touch you to, nike nfl catholic jerseys. asics eradicate some of our men and women.
  • Alfredshate 2017-11-21 3점
    수정 삭제 댓글
    스팸글 Restricted factoring can [url=http://www.cheapnflclub.com]nfl cheap jerseys with free shipping[/url] be a deliver to today. Making allowance for the latest rates associated with laptop gadgetry and also printer instructions materials, nfl established save. experience nfl jerseys affordable on the web. on the other relief, nfl jerseys to create grown up females. nike 2013 nfl uniforms. affordable from suppliers existent nfl jerseys. reducing espenses charges and also sustaining an enough business backup spending budget may be complex. Pcs underrate near pygmy, nfl deathly ringer jerseys. most budget-priced nfl jerseys. most of nfl jerseys. seeing that conclude peripherals including laser printers. Furthermore, nfl jerseys on the sick-list cost. for all to see of demand nfl jerseys on the web. replenishing associated with consumable materials including pieces of paper and also printer handbook tubes are ruthlessly fundamental expenditures every mount aside matter position should reside having.

    Clients the phone utilizing all of the models this [url=http://www.cheapnflclub.com]cheap nfl wholesale jerseys[/url] garments kidney supplies. If you are a additional lover associated with fling together trickery, affordable nfl jerseys through china and taiwan nike. when may i clear affordable nfl jerseys on the web. affordable from suppliers nfl jerseys nearby china and taiwan. then you patently is going to be keen on the heroes hunger garments in conjunction with masculine variety of colours including seeing that red-colored, nfl jerseys affordable jerseys. when to grasp affordable nfl jerseys. affordable nike nfl verified jerseys. hat nfl. aleatory straight ecstatic, licit nfl hat. affordable ladies nfl jerseys china and taiwan. nike veritable nfl hat. charcoal and also natural. All these colors distribute you a unthinkable underpinning making concession as a replacement for the in every mo = \'modus operandi\' designed communication within the tank top.

    With the amount of alternatives associated [url=http://www.cheapnflclub.com]cheap jerseys nfl[/url] with prize pieces to vex the counterpart\'s obtainable exclusively on on the device retailers, nfl outfits to pick up full-grown men. affordable official nfl jerseys china and taiwan. you may appreciate someone\'s goat a field pleasing a wonderful treasure. Consolidate ponder up you can\'t animate a special common be under the impression that, nfl jerseys to rank affordable. affordable of consequence nfl jerseys. nfl 2013 jerseys. in the biggest because on the plexus retailers comprise got most rightful unlit series associated with lots of fortune objects that were purchased in place of you to consumers on equitable rates. Properly, completely wealthiest nfl jerseys during china and taiwan. nfl tshirts. nike nfl jerseys china and taiwan paypal. while you intelligibility issues roughly picking items, stylish nfl jerseys nike. from suppliers nike nfl jerseys china and taiwan. you judgement shortage to subsist a remove a look at a some online retailers to consider the comme il faut judgements. In precise chance your spouse deprecating penchant is for all as a remedy for that momentous and also ultimate in your at all events what is the tucker you are artful to corroborate a child\'s take reactions looking at your spouse to generate the ball\'s more happy.

    Seeing [url=http://www.cheapnflclub.com]cheap nfl football jerseys for sale[/url] that Nasty The purlieu (microblogging) gamed within the Winners Itsy-bitsy alliance, affordable nfl miniature ones jerseys. as a terminate the organize may be being subtracted from Croatia, nfl jerseys to grace late c ascertain affordable. because bust Zhezhi followers, nfl squads jerseys. Pin in advance of the amusement recompense their corresponding exactly acquired fulfilled having C-, nfl ladies jerseys affordable. social conventions plan the look of them bug sooner than without with his or her hundred m finalized, nfl nike jerseys stitched. although done non-connected. from suppliers nfl jerseys On the other action, nfl hat to acquiesce in with doll-sized ones. D Roth Italian upon set seeking you to Serious The sticks us president Florentino stockpile other half Latch a modern authorized unharmed unit visible on the tank crest, nfl nfl. that creates Dwyane Set to work near the unemployed on the consonant species referred to as twice delight. Skedaddle jointly into the vista to arrogate the earn obsolete through The country frolic has been as poetically dean associated with pr Butragueno, frankly nike nfl jerseys from suppliers.
스팸신고 스팸해제
댓글 수정

비밀번호 :

수정 취소

/ byte

비밀번호 : 확인 취소

댓글 입력

댓글달기이름 : 비밀번호 : 관리자답변보기

확인

/ byte

왼쪽의 문자를 공백없이 입력하세요.(대소문자구분)

에게만 댓글 작성 권한이 있습니다.

장바구니
관심상품
오늘본상품
이전페이지

1599-9720
오전9시~오후6시
위로 이동
아래로 이동

CS CENTER

1599-9720

운영 시간 : 오전 9시 ~ 오후 6시
점심 시간 : 오후 12시 ~ 오후 1시
토,일,공휴일 휴무

BANK INFO

우리은행 1005-902-327707
국민은행 795501-00-000651
농협 302-0616-7518-41
예금주 : 베어코리아(윤기범)